Cyber Law and ICT Policy

Study on the Effects of New Information Technologies on the Abuse and Exploitation of Children  - United Nations Executive summary  This Study on the effects of new information technologies on the abuse and exploitation of children was prepared pursuant to Economic and Social Council resolution 2011/33 on Prevention, protection and international cooperation against the use of new information technologies to abuse and/or exploit children, in which the Council expressed concern that increasingly rapid technological advances have created new possibilities for the criminal misuse of new information and communication technologies. The study is based primarily on open source research and the outcomes of an informal expert group meeting on ICTfacilitated abuse and exploitation of children, held in Vienna from 23 to 25 September 2013. In accordance with Council resolution 2011/33, relevant information from the 2013 Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime prepared for the consideration o...

UNACTAD and Cyber Crime UNODC Cybercrime Repository which can be accessed through the following link:  http://cybrepo.unodc.org . The repository consists of three online databases, containing legislation, case law and lessons learned on cybercrime and electronic evidence.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development  ( UNCTAD ) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. UNCTAD is the part of the  United Nations Secretariat  dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. The organization's goals are to: "maximize the  trade ,  investment  and development opportunities of  developing countries  and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis". UNCTAD was established by the  United Nations General Assembly  in 1964 and it reports to the UN General Assembly and  United Nations Economic and Social Council . [1] The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.

THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS IN UGANDA The main function of Parliament is to make laws. This function is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda under Article 79, which states that: “79(1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament shall have power to make laws on any matter for peace, order, development and good governance of Uganda. Article 79 (2) Except as provided in this Constitution, no person or body other than Parliament shall have power to make provisions having the force of law in Uganda except under authority conferred by an Act of Parliament.” BILL A Bill is a proposed law. When passed by Parliament and assented to by the President (or otherwise as provided for in the Constitution) it is referred to as an Act. There are two types of Bills; Government Bills and Private Members’ Bills. GOVERNMENT BILLS These are Bills initiated by Government departments or Ministries and are sponsored by the Government. Each Bill is presented to Parliament by a Mi...

Privacy Impacts of Data Encryption on the Efficiency of Digital Forensics Technology Abstract—Owing to a number of reasons, the deployment of encryption solutions are beginning to be ubiquitous at both organizational and individual levels. The most emphasized reason is the necessity to ensure confidentiality of privileged information. Unfortunately, it is also popular as cyber-criminals' escape route from the grasp of digital forensic investigations. The direct encryption of data or indirect encryption of storage devices, more often than not, prevents access to such information contained therein. This consequently leaves the forensics investigation team, and subsequently the prosecution, little or no evidence to work with, in sixty percent of such cases. However, it is unthinkable to jeopardize the successes brought by encryption technology to information security, in favour of digital forensics technology. This paper examines what data encryption contributes to information securi...

Cryptography Cryptography  or  cryptology  (from  Ancient Greek :  κρυπτός ,  romanized :  kryptós  "hidden, secret"; and  γράφειν   graphein , "to write", or  -λογία   -logia , "study", respectively [1] ) is the practice and study of techniques for  secure communication  in the presence of third parties called  adversaries . [2]  More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing  protocols  that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages; [3]  various aspects in  information security  such as data  confidentiality ,  data integrity ,  authentication , and  non-repudiation [4]  are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of  mathematics ,  computer science ,  electrical engineering ,  communication science , and  physics . Applications...

Digital Forensics and Encryption The use of encryption technology to protect computer data is growing—and that fact presents a challenge for forensic investigators. Without a decryption key, forensic tools cannot be used to find digital evidence. Even with the key, searching encrypted data can be tricky and time consuming. Below are some answers to common questions about trends in the use of encryption and what investigators can do to get as much evidence as possible from an encrypted file or drive.

Applications of Cryptography in Digital Forensics: Uses & Impact Digital forensics   solves crimes performed using electronic devices and computers by investigating and producing digital evidences against criminals. The use of   cryptography   and its techniques in digital forensics is widely increasing. Investigators are limited to information on devices that they can access. When a hard drive is completely encrypted, the digital forensic investigators have difficulty in finding the stored data and the investigative options are limited. Determining the level of encryption is the first step in digital forensics. Encryption, a cryptographic technique, thwarts digital forensics as it protects user's data from unauthorized access posing a great challenge to investigators.   Cryptanalysis   is a decryption technique that helps to retrieve the encrypted data and is useful for digital investigators. Cryptography Schemes Technology has spread its wings and it...

Operating System - Security Security refers to providing a protection system to computer system resources such as CPU, memory, disk, software programs and most importantly data/information stored in the computer system. If a computer program is run by an unauthorized user, then he/she may cause severe damage to computer or data stored in it. So a computer system must be protected against unauthorized access, malicious access to system memory, viruses, worms etc. We're going to discuss following topics in this chapter. Authentication One Time passwords Program Threats System Threats Computer Security Classifications

Hardware Protection and Type of Hardware Protection HARDWARE & SOFTWARE SECURITY Failed Devices and Media Solid State Drives Cloud computing Data Encryption Laptop Security Malware & Scareware Mobile Device Security Account Privileges Remote Desktop

Cyber security is the protection of internet-connected systems such as hardware, software and data from cyber-threats. The practice is used by individuals and enterprises to protect against unauthorized access to data centers and other computerized systems. What is Cyber security? What is Cybersecurity? Cybersecurity defined, explained, and explored

Types of Cyber crime Cyber crime is vastly growing in the world of tech today. Criminals of the World Wide Web exploit internet users’ personal information for their own gain. They dive deep into the dark web to buy and sell illegal products and services. They even gain access to classified government information. Cyber crimes are at an all time high, costing companies and individuals billions of dollars annually. What’s even more frightening is that this figure only represents the last 5 years with no end in sight. The evolution of technology and increasing accessibility of smart tech means there are multiple access points within users’ homes for hackers to exploit. While law enforcement attempts to tackle the growing issue, criminal numbers continue to grow, taking advantage of the anonymity of the internet. What is Cyber crime? Cyber crime is defined as a crime where a computer is the object of the crime or is used as a tool to commit an offense. A cyber criminal ...

INTERPOL and Cyber Crimes What is INTERPOL? The full name is the International Criminal Police Organization  and is an inter-governmental organization. It works in 194 member countries,  and helps police to work together to make the world a safer place. To do this, it enables police to share and access data on crimes and criminals,  and offers a range of technical and operational support. Who makes up INTERPOL? The  General Secretariat  coordinates our day-to-day activities to fight a range of crimes.  Run by the  Secretary General , it is staffed by both police and civilians and comprises  a headquarters in Lyon, a global complex for innovation in Singapore and  several satellite offices in different regions. In each country, an INTERPOL  National Central Bureau (NCB)  provides the central point of  contact for the General Secretariat and other NCBs. An NCB is run by national police  ...

Cybercrime , or  computer-oriented crime , is a crime that involves a  computer  and a  network . [1]  The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. [2]  Cybercrimes can be defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (networks including chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones ( Bluetooth /SMS/MMS)". [3]  Cybercrime may threaten a person or a nation's security and financial health. [4]  Issues surrounding these types of crimes have become high-profile, particularly those regarding  hacking ,  copyright infringement ,  unwarranted mass-surveillance ,  sextortion ,  child pornography , and  child grooming ....

Privacy Privacy concerns arising from electronic communications The emerging legal protections Privacy

Introduction to electronic commerce Contracts and electronic transactions What is a contract? Electronic transactions E-commerce

Regulatory issues: digitisation and liberalisation infrastructure monopoly and competition Regulatory Frameworks

Abstract ICT has the potential to enhance and transform higher education in many ways. Fundamental to the effective educational deployment of technology is an approach that should be informed by inquiry and evidence rather than assertions and hyperbole. Unfortunately, too few educators have the vision, imagination and drive to realise that potential for the benefit of their students; too many constrain themselves within models of teaching and learning that are no longer sufficient or appropriate. University policy makers need to be clear about the aims and purposes of using ICT in support of teaching and learning and be alert to policy implications for many aspects of institutional culture. ICT in Higher Education: Policy Perspectives Kirkwood, Adrian (2013). ICT in higher education: policy perspectives. In: ICT Leadership in Higher Education, 24-26 Feb 2013, Hyderabad, India, pp. 36–43.

NATIONAL INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY POLICY FOR UGANDA Related policies: ICT Sector Strategic and Investment Plan 2015/16-2019/20 GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF GOVERNMENT WEBSITES GOU Social Media Guide National E-government Policy Framework, 2011 The Electronics Signatures Act, 2011 The Electronics Transactions Act, 2011 Electronics Transaction Regulations, 2013 The Computer Misuse Act, 2011 EIA for Extension of Government Network(Last Mile) to MDA’s and LG’s. Ministerial Policy Statement (MPS) 2019/20 National ICT Initiatives Support Program Special Postcodes Final Postcodes for Uganda National Postcode and Addressing System Policy National Broadband Policy Booklet Data Protection and Privacy Act 2019 Ministerial Policy Statement – FY 2018-19 Guidelines for E-Waste Management in Uganda National Broadband Policy National Information Technology Authority – Uganda (eGovernment) Regulations 2014 ...

Ministry of ICT & National Guidance

Difference between Law and Policy Key difference:  A policy is a document that outlines what a government is going to do and what it can achieve for the society as a whole. A law, on the other hand, is a system of rules passed by the government. Laws must be obeyed by all, including private citizens, groups and companies as well as public figures, organizations and institutions. Laws and policies are an essential part of a society. They help to maintain law and order in any civilization, as well as help shape political and social aspects of the society. While they are easy to club together, they do have two different roles and purposes to play. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, a policy is a "set of decisions which are oriented towards a long-term purpose or to a particular problem." A policy is a document that outlines what a government is going to do and what it can achieve for the society as a...